We studies dozens of companies during our four years of research. A few
have not evolved in their thinking since the 1970s. They are still grousing about legislation and complying with it grudgingly. Others have begun to see the business opportunities in going “beyond compliance.” A few have embarked on bold new initiatives to provide solutions to the world’s environmental ills—like GE’s plan to sell renewable energy, efficient power generation, water purification, and much more.
The companies who “get” the interface between environmentalism and business—the ones that are on their way to reducing their environmental impacts, or “footprints,” while generating significant profits and sustained Eco-Advantage—have no single profile. They range from global conglomerates to niche textile makers. However, we found certain patterns. The leading-edge companies go beyond the basics of complying with the law, cutting waste, and operating efficiently. They fold environmental considerations into all aspects of operations. Specifically, they:
Design innovative products to help customers with their
environmental problems or even create new eco-defined market spaces.
Push their suppliers to be better environmental stewards or even select them on that basis.Collect data to track their performance and establish metrics to gauge their progress.
Partner with NGOs and other stakeholders to learn about and find innovative solutions to environmental problems.
Build an Eco-Advantage culture through ambitious goal setting, incentives, training, and tools to engage all employees in the vision.
For the top-tier companies, environmental management started out s something they had to do. But that’s no longer the case. They’ve evolved to the point where environmental management is second mature and their focus is now mining the gold in environmental strategy.
Who Should Care The Most?
Some companies need to worry about these issues more than others. And some sectors are poised for greater upside potential. We see growing risks and rewards for companies with:
High brand exposure. Companies with substantial goodwill and
intangible value (including Coca-Cola, Procter & Gamble, and McDonald’s face special challenges.
Big environmental impact. Those in extractive industries or heavy manufacturing (BP, Exxon, Alcoa, and LaFarge, for example) must expect growing scrutiny.
Natural resource dependence. Companies that sell fish, food, and forest products (such as Cargill, Nestlé, and International Paper) are likely to be on the front lines as society faces very real natural limits.
Current exposure to regulations. Environmental strategy questions play a particularly important role for those handling hazardous materials (DuPont), operating in heavily regulated industries like utilities (AEP), or in energy intensive sectors (airlines).
Increasing potential f9r regulation. Automakers and electronics producers (like Ford and Intel) are facing new challenges with European “takeback” laws that require manufacturers to handle the disposal of their products after their customers are done with them. And the logic of “extended producer responsibility” is being picked up around the world.
Carbon exposure. Companies with big fossil fuel bills face a double whammy of higher prices and greenhouse gas emission charges.
Competitive markets for talent. Companies in the service sector and the “new economy” (such as Citigroup, Intel, or Microsoft)—where primary assets can walk out the door if they are displeased with the company’s values—must stay on top of environmental issues.
Established environmental reputations. Those with problematic histories should expect extra scrutiny. Companies with good track records will get more leeway—and may benefit from goodwill in the marketplace.