Companies find many ways to talk about how they handle environmental and social issues. Some focus on “triple bottom line” performance or sustainability.
Others frame their work in terms of corporate social responsibility, stewardship, citizenship, or environment, health, and safety. Any of these approaches can serve to galvanize action and create Eco-Advantage. The key lies in execution—including environment and social issues in business operations. But each company needs to find the language and organizational structures that work within its own culture.
At the operational level, managing sustainability issues, no matter what the company calls them, works best with a defined focus. Thinking about environmental challenges alongside social issues such as health care, poverty alleviation, or how to serve the “bottom of the pyramid”—the untapped market of the world’s poorest people—quickly becomes daunting. Our research suggests that the skills needed to manage environmental issues and social concerns are quite distinct. For example, what’s required to ensure that a company complies with air-pollution permits, say, will have little similarity to what’s needed to develop a strong employee wellness program.
Moreover, the environmental agenda has a concreteness that’s often lacking on the social side. Obligations under the law are generally much clearer in the environmental realm, as are the opportunities for gaining a competitive advantage while doing the right thing. This is not to say that social issues are unimportant. Indeed, some are moral imperatives.
As Professor David Vogel of Haas Business School has demonstrated, however, the business case for taking up the social agenda is much harder to establish. For all of these reasons, we focus on defining the strategies and tools companies can use to take advantage of environmental opportunities.
Why Social Issues Can’t Be Ignored?
While environmental and social issues pose different kinds of challenges, they both connect to corporate reputation. Any company that thinks it Ali cover shortcomings in social performance with strong environmental results is kidding itself. Wal-Mart, for example, is a legitimate green leader, with large-scale initiatives and measurable results across its operations, from store energy use and fleet efficiency to product packaging.
But it won’t win any prizes for corporate responsibility if it falls short in the public’s eye on basic social issues such as wages, health care, and labor relations.